M203 20251106 Lecture 13 Quadratics and Conics
Session 3: Quadratics
1. Factoring Quadratics
1 ) How many integers $x$ satisfy the equation $(x^2 – x - 1)^{x+2} =1$
2 ) Find all possible values of $a/b$ if $a^2+ 4b^2 = 4ab$
Homogeneous Equation: every term has the same degree
问题： Find the possible values of $a/b$ if $a^3-3ab^2+2b^3=0$
2. Relating Roots and Coefficients
1 ) Let r and s be the roots of $x^2 – px + q = 0$. In this problem, we find $r^2 + s^2$ in term of $p$ and $q$.
$r^2+s^2=(r+s)^2-2rs=p^2-2q$
问题： Find $r^3 + s^3$ in terms of $p, q$.
$r^3 + s^3 = (r+s)(r^2 - rs + s^2) = p(p^2 - 2q - q) = p^3 - 3pq$
$(r+s)(r^n + s^n) = r^{n+1} + rs^n + sr^n + s^{n+1}$
$= r^{n+1} + s^{n+1} + rs(r^{n-1} + s^{n-1})$
$r^{n+1} + s^{n+1} = (r+s)(r^n + s^n) - rs(r^{n-1} + s^{n-1})$
$$r^{n+1} + s^{n+1} = (r+s)(r^n + s^n) - rs(r^{n-1} + s^{n-1})$$
说明： 高阶的公式可以通过低阶的公式进行递推求解。例如：
- 已知 $r + s$ 和 $r^2 + s^2$，可以求出 $r^3 + s^3$
- 已知 $r^2 + s^2$ 和 $r^3 + s^3$，可以求出 $r^4 + s^4$
3. The discriminant
19 . If the graph of the equation $y=ax^2+6$ is tangent to the graph of $y=x$. What is $a$?
4 ) Let $f(x) = (5x^2 – 4x + 8) / (x^2 + 1)$, where the domain of $f$ is all real numbers. Find the range of $f(x)$.
5 ) Let $f(x) = (7x^2 – 4x + 4)/(x^2 + 1)$ where the domain of $f$ is all real numbers. Find the range of $f$.
Session 4: Conics
What is Conics
Two forms:
$y=a(x-h)^2 + k$ Vertex $(h,k)$ and Symmetry line is $x=k$.
$x=a(y-k)^2 + h$ Vertex $(h,k)$ and Symmetry line is $y=h$.
A parabola is the locus of points in a plane that are equidistant from a given line and a point not one the line. The line is called the directrix of the parabola and the point is the parabola’s focus.
- Property 1: Any point on the parabola is equidistant from the directrix and from focus.
- Property 2: The vertex of a parabola is the midpoint of the segment that connects the focus of the parabola to the point where the parabola’s axis
of symmetry intersects the parabola’s directrix.
